We had a similar situation with historic medicine bottles in our collection and ultimately decided to keep the contents intact, placing the bottles in secondary containment in case of a spill.
None of our bottles have markings indicating their contents. A conservator in our regional office attempted to assess potential toxicity using XRF, but the contents could not be analyzed through glass. Further analysis would have required taking a sample. For bottles with liquid contents, the corks are still intact and would have been destroyed to obtain a sample; bottles without corks contain dried materials that present less of a hazard than liquids.
Removing the contents would also present issues. In addition to destroying the corks, the process of removing and disposing of the materials would be difficult and could damage the bottles themselves, and an integral part of the artifact's historical integrity and interpretive value would be lost. These bottles are original to the site and not only are the contents visually interesting, but they have also been intact since the civil war which is very cool.
I have attached the storage recommendations prepared by our conservator, along with images of the containment solution created for these bottles.
Cheers!
------------------------------
Rhonda Brewer
Museum Curator
Pecos National Historical Park
Pecos, New Mexico
------------------------------
Original Message:
Sent: 08-06-2025 14:56
From: Patrick Cain
Subject: Medicine Bottles
Hello!
We operate a small local historical archive in central Illinois. We recently came across some old medicine bottles in our collections. They appear to be from drug stores that were present in our area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One bottle says it originally contained "boraic acid" and that is crossed out to say it contained "parfume oil." The cork that holds the liquid in is damaged as well. The other bottle says it contains "2/3 creo-terpin, 1/3 cocilliana." Both bottles contain a very small amount of liquid, presumably what is listed on their labels. My main question for you all is what sorts of immediate safety and/or health risks do these objects pose to our patrons and staff? Is it dangerous to have these chemicals in our collection and should we immediately dispose of them? While we are in possession of them, what sort of packaging, housing, storage, etc., techniques do you recommend? Aside from standard PPE of wearing nitrile gloves and masks, are there other precautionary measures patrons and staff should take when handling these materials? There's a chance we may ultimately look to deaccession these items down the road. Are there proper disposal techniques we should use, aside from disposal in standard waste dumpsters at our building? Should they be disposed of with local hazardous waste or medical waste collection facilities? We have little to no experience with handling these types of artifacts. Any and all help is greatly appreciated! I'd be happy to chat on the phone if that's easier, just let me know. Thank you!
------------------------------
Patrick Cain
Champaign County Historical Archives Manager
The Urbana Free Library
Urbana
United States
------------------------------